The maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to the indiscriminate use of its wood and low rate of seed germination. Maclura tinctoria pdf maclura tinctoria is a large tree or shrub found across most of the neotropics from mexico to argentina. For more multimedia, look at maclura tinctoria on wikimedia commons. Morin 14 is a phytochemical of the class flavonol found in several medicinal plants including maclura pomifera, maclura tinctoria moraceae, and psidium guajava myrtaceae 156. A yellow dyewood, obtained from chlorophora tinctoria l. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. It is a mediumsized, spiny, deciduous tree that typically. Prenylated flavonoidenriched fraction from maclura tinctoria shows.
In this context, the objective of the present study was to establish an in vitropropagation methodology for this species. Phytochemical prospecting and bioactivityguided fractionation of maclura tinctoria. The plants database includes the following 2 species of maclura. Maclura pomifera, a dioecious tree species, is recognized by its orange. Maclura tinctoria, commonly known as old fustic or dyers mulberry is a medium to large tree of the neotropics, from mexico to argentina. Maclura pomifera osageorange maclura tinctoria fustictree legal status. Prenylated flavonoids from maclura tinctoria fruits scielo. This belt includes portions of the blackland prairies, chiso mountains, and the red river drainage. Osageorange maclura pomifera may have played more significant roles at pivotal points in north american history than any other single tree species. The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if. Morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of maclura. Morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of maclura tinctoria, moraceae. Prenylated flavonoidenriched fraction from maclura tinctoria.
It includes the inedible osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the united states as a hedging plant maclura is closely related to the genus cudrania, and hybrids between the two genera have been produced. Coumarins, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, tannins and triterpenessteroids were detected in the 11fo extract. Hivinhibitory prenylated xanthones and flavones from maclura. The genus maclura contains about 12 species native to. Local people have long utilised this tree for a variety of purposes, particularly for the wood which is a source of dyes and timber, but also for medicinal purposes. Maclura, fatoua, ficus macrophylla, morus nigra, maclura tinctoria, broussonetia papyrifera, lorbeerfeige, ficus microcarpa, artocarpus, maclura pomifera. Allometric relationships and reforestation guidelines for maclura tinctoria, an important multipurpose timber tree of latin america. Maclura pomifera, commonly called osage orange, is native to river valleys and rich bottomlands in arkansas, oklahoma, texas and louisiana, but has been widely planted in a variety of environments throughout the united states, and has naturalized in many areas, particularly east of the mississippi river. Smithsonian tropical research institutemaclura tinctoria. Department of agriculture agricultural research service.
In this study, the macromolecular constituents and total phenols compounds as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of this wood were evaluated. Micropropagation of maclura tinctoria l an endangered woody. It is in flower from may to june, and the seeds ripen from september to december. Eleven samples yielded seven hitherto undescribed ascomycetous yeasts in the genera candida and myxozyma. Maclura pomifera osage orange is a thorny, dioecious tree, native to a narrow band near texas and arkansas, and widely planted throughout north america and southern canada for windbreaks and fence posts. Maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to extensive use of its wood and low frequency of. Chitimacha basket weavers have a complex formula for yellow that employs a dock. The genus name maclura is after william maclure 17631840, and american geologist, while the species epithet pomifera means bearing pomes or apples, in. An organic extract from maclura tinctoria leaves showed the lowest mic 0. Maclura pomifera osage orange, bois darc pfaf plant database. Maclura is considered to be one of the most dependable trees for use in the harsh environs of the southern great plains. Pdf a phytochemical investigation of maclura tinctoria fruits yielded five flavonoids, including one prenylated flavonol licoflavonol.
Morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of maclura tinctoria. Don ex steudel was selected for the present study due of its economic and medicinal importance. Known also as hedge, hedgeapple, bodark, boisdarc, bowwood, and naranjo chino, it made agricultural settlement of the prairies. Phylogeny and biogeography of maclura moraceae and the origin of an anachronistic fruit. The objective of the present study is to establish an in. Maclura, fatoua, ficus macrophylla, morus nigra, maclura tinctoria, broussonetia papyrifera, lorbeerfeige, ficus microcarpa. It includes the inedible osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the united states as a hedging plant. Maclura pomifera is a deciduous tree growing to 15 m 49ft by 12 m 39ft at a medium rate. It has a very widespread distribution, and is known to be. Some native species produce seeds with low germination percentage and in most cases with dormancy, which makes the appearance of new individuals by sexual propagation difficult. White shield osageorange is even more meritorious because its nearly thornless. Compound 14 was shown to have bacteriostatic 156, antihypertensive 157, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects 158. The objective of the present study is to establish an in vitro.
Seven flavonoids, including two new natural products, were isolated from an ethanol extract of the bark of maclura tinctoria l. New compounds macluraxanthone b 1, macluraxanthone c 2, and dihydrocudraflavone b 8 were identified. Some botanists recognize a more broadly defined maclura that includes species. An excellent, if rather terse, guide to the traditional medicinal uses of. A downloadable pdf document of a book in prepublication awaiting illustration. This page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 17.
Fustic chips, chlorophora tinctoria, or maclura tinctoria, natural dye. Orobol, steppogenin, aromadendrin, dihydromorin and orobol 7o. Sep 05, 2014 this page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 17. Draft plant propagation protocol university of washington. It produces a yellow dye called fustic primarily known for coloring khaki fabric for u.
Shiny, 3 to 5inch, dark green leaves are attached to thorny branches with thorns 1 inch long. We consider the dark green, thick, and glossy leaves to also be exceptional over typical species seedlings. Maclura tinctoria is a large tree or shrub found across most of the neotropics from mexico to argentina. The genus name maclura is after william maclure 17631840, and american geologist, while the species epithet pomifera means bearing pomes or apples, in allusion to the large, spherical fruits. Read the species description of maclura tinctoria or use the link above to download a pdf version.
The osage orange is a dioecious deciduous tree, up to 20 m tall. Apni provides a link to the australian plant name index hosted by the australian national botanic gardens for comprehensive bibliographic data the avh map option provides a detailed interactive australia wide distribution map drawn from collections held by all major australian herbaria participating in the australian virtual herbarium project. Plant propagation protocol for maclura pomifera esrm 412 native plant production fig. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Osageorange or hedgeapple is a dioecious separatesexed tree that can reach 50 feet in height and 2 feet in diameter.
The organic extract of the plant maclura tinctoria exhibited moderate antihiv activity. In fact, the saga of this one tree intertwines with westward expansion and its aftermath. Seven prenylated phenolic derivatives were isolated from the active fractions and characterized by spectroanalytical methods. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles.
Maclura products is an industry leader in small batch, highquality osage orange products that are sourced locally from the. Phytochemical fractionation of the extract from maclura tinctoria was performed by liquidliquid partitioning. Leaves oblong to elliptic, mostly 38 cm long with a short acute apex, glabrous. Extracts from native atlantic forest tree species were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against s. The plant list includes 36 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus maclura. Maclura article about maclura by the free dictionary. Pdf chemical analysis and study of phenolics, antioxidant. This plant produces a milky sap that is a dermal, or skin. This page was last edited on 3 october 2018, at 15.
Hivinhibitory prenylated xanthones and flavones from. Jul 29, 2019 the 11fo organic extract prepared from maclura tinctoria leaves had the smallest mic, and therefore, it was chosen for later assays. Twelve species previously classified in other genera are sometimes included in this genus. The 11fo organic extract prepared from maclura tinctoria leaves had the smallest mic, and therefore, it was chosen for later assays. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Osageorange maclura pomifera produces no sawtimber, pulpwood, or utility poles, but it has been planted in greater numbers than almost any other tree species in north america. Maclura pomifera english forest products laboratory. Access is allocated within two business days of purchase and lasts one year. Plant regeneration from callus cultures of maclura.
Abstract morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of maclura tinctoria, moraceae. Maclura pomifera has become naturalized in areas where it has been planted. Osageorange is native to a narrow belt in eastern texas, southeastern oklahoma, southwestern arkansas, and the extreme northwest corner of louisiana. Plant regeneration from callus cultures of maclura tinctoria, an. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. New compounds macluraxanthone b 1, macluraxanthone c 2, and dihydrocudraflavone b. A collection of images of maclura pomifera, osage orange.
Please note that this is a trial program and may end. Prenylated flavonoids from maclura tinctoria fruits article pdf available in quimica nova 366. Lcdadesims was used for identification of constituents in the most active fraction. Maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to extensive use of its wood and low frequency of seed germination. Moraceae, growing in the west indies and south america. Antioxidant chalcone glycosides and flavanones from. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine hindawi.
Don ex steud has one of the highest qualities among the coefficients for brazilian woods up to 9. The purpose of this investigation is to present a detailed description of the fruit development, specially by. According to bancroft, two different woods bear in england the name of fustic, one the product of the tree just mentioned, distinguished as old fustic, probably from the greater. The yeast community of sap fluxes of costa rican maclura. Antioxidant chalcone glycosides and flavanones from maclura.
Micropropagation of maclura tinctoria l an endangered. Pdf prenylated flavonoids from maclura tinctoria fruits. The plant list includes a further 11 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus maclura. Maclura tinctoria, commonly known as old fustic or dyers mulberry is a medium to large tree of. Maclura pomifera hawaiian ecosystems at risk project hear. Plant regeneration from callus cultures of maclura tinctoria.
Some native species produce seeds with a low frequency of germination accompanied with a period of dormancy. Maclura tinctoria in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Osageorange has been introduced into most of the conterminous united states and has become naturalized throughout much. Maclura is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, moraceae. Compound 14 was shown to have bacteriostatic 156, antihypertensive 157. Maclura pomifera is considered a pest plant in italy and is. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine. These features make it difficult to produce new phenotypes through sexual propagation. In rivercane basketweaving among southeastern tribes, butternut juglans cinerea and yellow root xanthorhiza simplicissima provide a rich yellow color. The only studies found in the literature involving chemical analysis of maclura tinctoria species refer to the isolation and identification of flavonoids, xanthones, flavones, and chalcone. No one has contributed a brief summary to this page yet. Antifungal chalcones from maclura tinctoria request pdf.
The maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to. Prenylated flavonoidenriched fraction from maclura. North america 1, with the rest in tropical america and africa. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms.
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