It is in flower from may to june, and the seeds ripen from september to december. Osageorange or hedgeapple is a dioecious separatesexed tree that can reach 50 feet in height and 2 feet in diameter. Maclura pomifera, a dioecious tree species, is recognized by its orange. According to bancroft, two different woods bear in england the name of fustic, one the product of the tree just mentioned, distinguished as old fustic, probably from the greater. Don ex steud has one of the highest qualities among the coefficients for brazilian woods up to 9. The purpose of this investigation is to present a detailed description of the fruit development, specially by. Prenylated flavonoidenriched fraction from maclura. North america 1, with the rest in tropical america and africa. Hivinhibitory prenylated xanthones and flavones from maclura. Fustic chips, chlorophora tinctoria, or maclura tinctoria, natural dye. Maclura tinctoria, commonly known as old fustic or dyers mulberry is a medium to large tree of the neotropics, from mexico to argentina. Osageorange has been introduced into most of the conterminous united states and has become naturalized throughout much. The plant list includes a further 11 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus maclura. Phylogeny and biogeography of maclura moraceae and the origin of an anachronistic fruit.
A yellow dyewood, obtained from chlorophora tinctoria l. Read the species description of maclura tinctoria or use the link above to download a pdf version. Prenylated flavonoidenriched fraction from maclura tinctoria shows. Lcdadesims was used for identification of constituents in the most active fraction. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine hindawi. Plant propagation protocol for maclura pomifera esrm 412 native plant production fig.
Phytochemical fractionation of the extract from maclura tinctoria was performed by liquidliquid partitioning. Antifungal chalcones from maclura tinctoria request pdf. It includes the inedible osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the united states as a hedging plant maclura is closely related to the genus cudrania, and hybrids between the two genera have been produced. This page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 17. Micropropagation of maclura tinctoria l an endangered. We do not intend the plant list to be complete for names of infraspecific rank. Maclura pomifera hawaiian ecosystems at risk project hear. Maclura is considered to be one of the most dependable trees for use in the harsh environs of the southern great plains. For more multimedia, look at maclura tinctoria on wikimedia commons. Osageorange maclura pomifera produces no sawtimber, pulpwood, or utility poles, but it has been planted in greater numbers than almost any other tree species in north america. Local people have long utilised this tree for a variety of purposes, particularly for the wood which is a source of dyes and timber, but also for medicinal purposes. Prenylated flavonoidenriched fraction from maclura tinctoria. In rivercane basketweaving among southeastern tribes, butternut juglans cinerea and yellow root xanthorhiza simplicissima provide a rich yellow color. Compound 14 was shown to have bacteriostatic 156, antihypertensive 157, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant effects 158.
In fact, the saga of this one tree intertwines with westward expansion and its aftermath. A downloadable pdf document of a book in prepublication awaiting illustration. Plant regeneration from callus cultures of maclura tinctoria. Osageorange is native to a narrow belt in eastern texas, southeastern oklahoma, southwestern arkansas, and the extreme northwest corner of louisiana. Coumarins, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, tannins and triterpenessteroids were detected in the 11fo extract. Access is allocated within two business days of purchase and lasts one year. Antioxidant chalcone glycosides and flavanones from maclura.
Jul 29, 2019 the 11fo organic extract prepared from maclura tinctoria leaves had the smallest mic, and therefore, it was chosen for later assays. The objective of the present study is to establish an in. Abstract morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of maclura tinctoria, moraceae. Maclura, fatoua, ficus macrophylla, morus nigra, maclura tinctoria, broussonetia papyrifera, lorbeerfeige, ficus microcarpa. The only studies found in the literature involving chemical analysis of maclura tinctoria species refer to the isolation and identification of flavonoids, xanthones, flavones, and chalcone. Maclura pomifera osageorange maclura tinctoria fustictree legal status.
Maclura pomifera is a deciduous tree growing to 15 m 49ft by 12 m 39ft at a medium rate. Maclura pomifera osage orange is a thorny, dioecious tree, native to a narrow band near texas and arkansas, and widely planted throughout north america and southern canada for windbreaks and fence posts. In this context, the objective of the present study was to establish an in vitropropagation methodology for this species. Maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to extensive use of its wood and low frequency of. Phytochemical prospecting and bioactivityguided fractionation of maclura tinctoria. Osageorange maclura pomifera may have played more significant roles at pivotal points in north american history than any other single tree species. Moraceae, growing in the west indies and south america. Maclura products is an industry leader in small batch, highquality osage orange products that are sourced locally from the. The objective of the present study is to establish an in vitro. It includes the inedible osage orange, which is used as mosquito repellent and grown throughout the united states as a hedging plant. An organic extract from maclura tinctoria leaves showed the lowest mic 0.
It has a very widespread distribution, and is known to be. The yeast community of sap fluxes of costa rican maclura. The genus maclura contains about 12 species native to. Some native species produce seeds with low germination percentage and in most cases with dormancy, which makes the appearance of new individuals by sexual propagation difficult. A collection of images of maclura pomifera, osage orange. Smithsonian tropical research institutemaclura tinctoria. The plant list includes 36 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus maclura. New compounds macluraxanthone b 1, macluraxanthone c 2, and dihydrocudraflavone b. Evidencebased complementary and alternative medicine. Chitimacha basket weavers have a complex formula for yellow that employs a dock.
Morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of maclura tinctoria, moraceae. The 11fo organic extract prepared from maclura tinctoria leaves had the smallest mic, and therefore, it was chosen for later assays. This belt includes portions of the blackland prairies, chiso mountains, and the red river drainage. Maclura pomifera osage orange, bois darc pfaf plant database. Some native species produce seeds with a low frequency of germination accompanied with a period of dormancy. Plant regeneration from callus cultures of maclura. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The organic extract of the plant maclura tinctoria exhibited moderate antihiv activity. No one has contributed a brief summary to this page yet. Morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of maclura tinctoria.
Apni provides a link to the australian plant name index hosted by the australian national botanic gardens for comprehensive bibliographic data the avh map option provides a detailed interactive australia wide distribution map drawn from collections held by all major australian herbaria participating in the australian virtual herbarium project. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Pdf chemical analysis and study of phenolics, antioxidant. Pdf prenylated flavonoids from maclura tinctoria fruits. The maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to the indiscriminate use of its wood and low rate of seed germination. This plant produces a milky sap that is a dermal, or skin. It produces a yellow dye called fustic primarily known for coloring khaki fabric for u. Morphology and anatomy of the developing fruit of maclura. The maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to. These features make it difficult to produce new phenotypes through sexual propagation. Don ex steudel was selected for the present study due of its economic and medicinal importance. Twelve species previously classified in other genera are sometimes included in this genus. Leaves oblong to elliptic, mostly 38 cm long with a short acute apex, glabrous. The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if.
Orobol, steppogenin, aromadendrin, dihydromorin and orobol 7o. The genus name maclura is after william maclure 17631840, and american geologist, while the species epithet pomifera means bearing pomes or apples, in allusion to the large, spherical fruits. Maclura pomifera english forest products laboratory. Seven prenylated phenolic derivatives were isolated from the active fractions and characterized by spectroanalytical methods. Maclura tinctoria pdf maclura tinctoria is a large tree or shrub found across most of the neotropics from mexico to argentina. Some botanists recognize a more broadly defined maclura that includes species. Maclura tinctoria has been considered an endangered species due to extensive use of its wood and low frequency of seed germination. The osage orange is a dioecious deciduous tree, up to 20 m tall. Allometric relationships and reforestation guidelines for maclura tinctoria, an important multipurpose timber tree of latin america. In this study, the macromolecular constituents and total phenols compounds as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of this wood were evaluated. Maclura pomifera has become naturalized in areas where it has been planted. Maclura tinctoria in the germplasm resources information network grin, u.
Micropropagation of maclura tinctoria l an endangered woody. Draft plant propagation protocol university of washington. White shield osageorange is even more meritorious because its nearly thornless. Maclura, fatoua, ficus macrophylla, morus nigra, maclura tinctoria, broussonetia papyrifera, lorbeerfeige, ficus microcarpa, artocarpus, maclura pomifera. Maclura pomifera is considered a pest plant in italy and is. This page was last edited on 3 october 2018, at 15. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Hivinhibitory prenylated xanthones and flavones from. Prenylated flavonoids from maclura tinctoria fruits scielo.
Shiny, 3 to 5inch, dark green leaves are attached to thorny branches with thorns 1 inch long. Please note that this is a trial program and may end. These are primarily included because names of species rank are synonyms. It is a mediumsized, spiny, deciduous tree that typically. Plant regeneration from callus cultures of maclura tinctoria, an. We consider the dark green, thick, and glossy leaves to also be exceptional over typical species seedlings. Compound 14 was shown to have bacteriostatic 156, antihypertensive 157. Seven flavonoids, including two new natural products, were isolated from an ethanol extract of the bark of maclura tinctoria l. Morin 14 is a phytochemical of the class flavonol found in several medicinal plants including maclura pomifera, maclura tinctoria moraceae, and psidium guajava myrtaceae 156. Prenylated flavonoids from maclura tinctoria fruits article pdf available in quimica nova 366.
Maclura tinctoria is a large tree or shrub found across most of the neotropics from mexico to argentina. Antioxidant chalcone glycosides and flavanones from. The plants database includes the following 2 species of maclura. Maclura pomifera, commonly called osage orange, is native to river valleys and rich bottomlands in arkansas, oklahoma, texas and louisiana, but has been widely planted in a variety of environments throughout the united states, and has naturalized in many areas, particularly east of the mississippi river. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Maclura is a genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family, moraceae. An excellent, if rather terse, guide to the traditional medicinal uses of. Known also as hedge, hedgeapple, bodark, boisdarc, bowwood, and naranjo chino, it made agricultural settlement of the prairies.
The genus name maclura is after william maclure 17631840, and american geologist, while the species epithet pomifera means bearing pomes or apples, in. Sep 05, 2014 this page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 17. Maclura article about maclura by the free dictionary. New compounds macluraxanthone b 1, macluraxanthone c 2, and dihydrocudraflavone b 8 were identified. Maclura tinctoria, commonly known as old fustic or dyers mulberry is a medium to large tree of. Pdf a phytochemical investigation of maclura tinctoria fruits yielded five flavonoids, including one prenylated flavonol licoflavonol. Eleven samples yielded seven hitherto undescribed ascomycetous yeasts in the genera candida and myxozyma.
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